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The Buddha images and the wooden box of manuscripts were probably brought to the Nong Pa Fa Cave before or during the Siamese-Lao war (1826-1828 AD), almost 200 years ago. Most of the manuscripts are

The Buddha images and wooden box of manuscripts discovered in Nong Pa Fa Cave were likely brought there before or during the Siamese-Lao war between 1826 and 1828. Most manuscripts are in poor conditi

On the cover of one of the Nong Pa Fa Cave manuscript, we can read: As the writing is clearly that of Dham Lanna, one wonders if some parts of the manuscripts come from Muang Nandaburi, a former name

This text examines the Nong Pa Fa Cave manuscripts, highlighting their writing style as Dham Lanna. It raises questions about their origins, specifically whether part of these manuscripts originate fr

The Nong Pa Fa Cave manuscripts are quite old and one of them dates back to 2112 BE (1569 CE), or 441 years, which is extremely rare for a palm-leaf manuscript. The oldest manuscript, however, is kept

The Nong Pa Fa Cave manuscripts are ancient, with one dating back to 2112 BE (1569 CE). The oldest, from 1520 CE, resides in Luang Prabang. These writings in a Lao variant of Dhamma script include a c

Dhamma-kāya in the Pali Canon¹ Chanida Jantrasrisalai I. Why ‘Dhamma-kāya’ in the ‘Pali Canon’? The term dhamma-kāya/dharmakāya appears in Buddhist literature of different schools. Previous scholars

The study investigates the term dhamma-kāya as presented in the Pali Canon, aiming to provide a comprehensive analysis that has been overlooked in previous studies. While many references have been mad

Most of them refer only to the Aggañña-sutta passage, 4 missing out the three Apadāna references. 5 The reason could be either that the scholars concerned have taken the aforementioned text as represe

This paper examines the overlooked references to dhammarāya in the Pali canon, emphasizing a context not previously presented. It critiques the tendency to categorize texts strictly as ‘early Buddhism

II. The Different Approach A fairly established academic understanding has settled regarding the term dhammakāya in the Pali canon, that it was used merely in the sense of the ‘Buddha’s teachings.’ In

The term 'dhammakāya' in the Pali canon is understood as representing the Buddha's teachings. It is established through several canonical passages that equate the Buddha with dhamma. Notable reference

Of the three canonical passages mentioned above, only the first, namely the Aggañña-sutta passage, contains the term dhammakāya, while the other two do not. The reason for which all these passages are

This study reexamines the term dhammakāya in specific Pali canonical passages, notably the Aggañña-sutta, contrasting it with previous scholarly interpretations that often exclusively link the term to

III. References to 'Dhammakāya' in the Pāli Canon In the Pali canon, the term dhammakāya appears four times: once in the Aggiāṇā-sutta of the Dīgha-nikāya and three more times in Apadāna literature.

In the Pāli Canon, the term 'dhammakāya' is found four times, significantly in the Aggiāṇā-sutta and Apadāna literature. It serves various roles including a designation for the Tathāgata and associati

D.III.84 Vāsettha and Bhāradvāja, he whose confidence in the Tathāgata is settled, rooted, established, solid, irremovable by any ascetic or brahmin, any deva or Māra or Brahmā or anyone in the world

In this passage, Vāsettha and Bhāradvāja discuss the unwavering confidence in the Tathāgata, stating that those deeply rooted in dhamma can claim to be heirs of dhamma. The term 'dhammakāya' and its i

Gombrich, while differently translating the term in this passage as a bahubbiha compound 'dhamma-bodied,' similarly interprets it as an indication that the Buddha's true import is due to 'his teaching

This text delves into various scholars' interpretations of the term 'dhammakāya' within the context of early Pāli suttas. Gombrich views it as 'dhamma-bodied,' emphasizing that the essence of the Budd

Points to Consider It may be observed that the difference in previous scholarly interpretations of the term dhammakāya in this passage mainly pertains to the inter-relatedness of two distinctive meani

This text delves into scholarly interpretations of the term 'dhammakāya', emphasizing the need for a nuanced understanding of 'dhamma' as both a realized reality and a verbal expression. It identifies

Saddhā: Criterion of being the Tathāgata's Son The first point to be looked at is the criterion of being the Buddha’s ‘true son’ which is, in this passage, defined by means of his irremovable confiden

This text discusses the criterion of being the Tathāgata's son, emphasizing the irremovable confidence (saddhā) in the Buddha. It defines this confidence as settled and unchangeable despite external i

Vin.II.192, A.IV.186, 210, 213 Just as a piece of clean cloth that is deprived of dirt would well-absorb the dye, the pure and clear eye of dhamma (dhammacakku) arose to the man, on that current seat

The text discusses the qualities of noble disciples in Buddhism, emphasizing the importance of clear perception of dhamma and the eradication of doubts and fetters. It describes the transformation exp

mentioned in the canon.40 The title ‘son of the Blessed one’ suggests that, through the Buddha, the person was (re)born to the same plane (bhūmi) to which the Buddha belongs, i.e., passing beyond the

This text delves into the characteristics of a Stream-attainer, identified as a noble disciple who is reborn to a transcendental plane through the Buddha's teachings. Key qualities include association

Implications of Parallel Descriptions of Monks and Brahmins As Gombrich points out, the passage in question is comparable to the Brahmins’ claim:46 brahmanā va brahmuo putṭā orasā mukhato jāta brahma

The text delves into how Gombrich compares the descriptions of Brahmins and Monks, emphasizing the dual interpretations of the term 'brahma-' as both the masculine creator and the neuter ultimate real

The parallel usage of dhammakāya and dhammabhūta with brahmakāya and brahmmabhūta suggests further that the term dhamma in the passage should refer to Nibbāna. Indeed, it is possible also to say that

This study delves into the concepts of dhamma and Nibbāna, positing that dhamma refers to transcendental dhamma, which serves as a transformer and defilement eradicator. It explores how the realizatio

Arhatship (arahattamagga).86 Therefore, the particular path is not a mere ‘collective title’ of the path-constituents but the ‘essential totality’ by which a ‘body’ is defined. The dependence of funct

This text discusses the concept of Arhatship and the definition of Dhammakāya in the context of Buddhist philosophy. It argues that the path should be seen as an essential totality, forming a 'body,'

V. Reference 2: Dhammakāya and Paccekabuddhas A Paccekabuddha is counted as one of the two types of Buddhas. According to Buddhist philosophy, a Paccekabuddha is a person who is of the highest wisdom

This text discusses the concept of Paccekabuddhas, individuals of high wisdom who achieve self-enlightenment but lack the ability to teach. It explores scholarly arguments about the pre-Buddhist origi

91 While it is possible for a Paccekabuddha to teach an individual which finally leads to that person's enlightenment, he does not teach to a multitude of people in the same way as a Buddha does. Henc

The text discusses the distinct nature of Paccekabuddhas, who can guide individuals toward enlightenment but do not teach the masses like Buddhas. Their teachings emphasize solitude and are succinct,

In the Apadāna literature, besides the life history of the Buddha and his disciples, a section is devoted to a depiction of the characteristics of Paccekabuddhas. This - section is entitled 'Paccekabu

The Apadāna literature highlights the characteristics of Paccekabuddhas, emphasizing their significant dhammas and independent mind. Verse 52 describes them as having great dhammas, being free from su